Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are key regulators of development, growth, and longevity.In most vertebrate species including humans, there is one IGF-1 gene and one IGF-2 gene.Here we report the identification and functional characterization of 4 distinct IGF genes (termed as igf-1a, -1b, -2a, and -2b) in zebrafish.These genes encode 4 structur
The safety and genetic stability of V4020, a novel Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) vaccine based on the investigational VEEV TC-83 strain, was evaluated in mice.V4020 was generated from infectious DNA, contains a stabilizing mutation in the E2-120 glycoprotein, and includes rearrangement of structural genes.After intracranial inoculatio
Invasive alien species (IAS) constitute a large and growing environmental and socio-economic problem.Tropical islands, one of the richest habitats in the world, are especially vulnerable to invasions because of their island-specific flora and fauna.The aim Dutch Ovens of this study is thus to assess the viability of monitoring IAS distributions on
Compared with yeast, our knowledge on members of the ATP-independent plant mitochondrial proteolytic machinery is rather poor.In the present study, using confocal microscopy and immunoblotting, we proved that homologs of yeast Oma1, Atp23, Imp1, Imp2, and Oct1 proteases are Firearms Accessories localized in Arabidopsis mitochondria.We characterized